This includes support to improve quality of education and skills of the population and promoting job-creating growth and ample access to social protection….” Challenges in the Education SystemĪs of now, Indonesia struggles to provide inclusive, high-quality education to its citizens. It is important for the government to support the growth of this group in all fronts.
Chaves has noted, the “middle class holds the key to unlocking the potential of Indonesia.
As the World Bank’s Country Director for Indonesia Rodrigo A.
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To live up to its full economic potential, Indonesia needs to increase public spending, build up its infrastructure and bridge regional development gaps, curb corruption, provide stable and predictable governance, and raise living standards by investing in health care, education, and human capital development. Life expectancy is seven years lower than in Vietnam. Twenty-seven million Indonesians still live on less than USD$0.75 a day. It ranks 116th out of 189 on the UN’s Human Development Index, and its GDP per capita is less than half that of neighboring Malaysia. However, Indonesia is characterized not only by deep regional disparities, but also by its status as a developing country that is difficult to govern and that remains marred by various socioeconomic problems. Recent economic growth rates have been relatively low compared with growth rates before the 1997 Asian financial crisis, but GDP has nevertheless increased steadily by more than 5 percent for most of the past eight years. The percentage of people who have access to electricity has jumped from 55 percent in 1993 to 98 percent in 2016. Meanwhile, urbanization is accelerating rapidly, and internet penetration rates have increased by more than 20 percent between 20 alone. Underscoring Indonesia’s tremendous economic potential, the country’s middle class is expected to double between 20. It’s estimated that 70 percent of the population will be working-age adults by 2030, a circumstance that will supply the nation with a beneficial demographic structure and a voluminous labor pool. This astonishing economic rise is partially based on demographic trends that will increase the country’s population to about 321 million.
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The professional services firm PricewaterhouseCoopers projects that Indonesia will grow into the world’s fourth-largest economy by 2050. The island nation is currently transitioning from an agricultural economy driven by commodity exports to an economy based on industrial manufacturing and services. Areas like rural West Timor or Indonesian Borneo (Kalimantan) are worlds apart from the flashy shopping malls of downtown Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital city of about 10 million people.ĭespite these marked differences, Indonesia is viewed as having a promising economic future it’s bound to become a country of global importance in the 21 st century. Indonesia’s cultural and regional diversity is as vast as the number of its islands. Indonesia’s three largest ethnic groups are the Javanese (40.1 percent), primarily located on Java, the world’s most populated island and home to more than 50 percent of the total Indonesian population the Sundanese (15.5 percent) and the Malays (3.7 percent). Some 10 percent of the population identify as Christians and about 1.7 percent as Hindus. But the Southeast Asian country is simultaneously a diverse, complex, and multicultural nation of more than 300 ethnic groups that speak hundreds of different languages. Its territory spans more than 17,000 islands that stretch for 3,181 miles along the equator between the Pacific and Indian Oceans.Ībout 87 percent of Indonesia’s population is Sunni Muslim, making Indonesia the largest majority Muslim country in the world. It is also the largest archipelago on the globe. Indonesia, home to 264 million people (2017, World Bank), is the fourth most populous country in the world. It replaces an earlier version by Nick Clark. This education profile describes recent trends in Indonesian education and student mobility and provides an overview of the structure of the education system of Indonesia. Dragana Borenovic Dilas, Credential Examiner at WES, Chris Mackie, Research Associate at WES, Ying Huang, Credential Examiner at WES, and Stefan Trines, Research Editor, WENR
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